This may not apply to the world of corporate lawyers the answer seems to be about, but at a smaller level, there are enormous switching costs involved in moving away from, and training a new lawyer.
And it's not a free market. In a free market, the consumer can walk away from a purchase. Most times individuals or small businesses need a lawyer, they are in no position from walking away. They need a lawyer. And they need to stop spending time searching, and get on with resolving.
So a lot of claims from lawyers that they operate in a free market are really not true. They mistake what are basically extortion/price gouging rates for free market pricing.
And the search is expensive too, with few (?) lawyers willing to offer 30 min to an hour of their time to discuss your needs for free. This is another factor in increasing switching costs for the consumers.
And of course, price is used as a signal for quality in a market in which quality is very hard to measure by most consumers. Sure I got a great deal on a lawyer, he only charges $150 per hour. Hmm, Your lawyer charges $400 per hour? Now, I'm not so confident.
"They need a lawyer. And they need to stop spending time searching, and get on with resolving.
So a lot of claims from lawyers that they operate in a free market are really not true. They mistake what are basically extortion/price gouging rates for free market pricing."
It's interesting because the same fundamental problem is true of health care in the U.S.
It's essentially, "they need a doctor. And they need to stop spending time searching, and get on with not dying"
The market dynamics and model are entirely different with these sorts of emergency industries. It's almost always "first available" and not "best cost". Even with shopping around (when the luxury is available) the decision is perceived quality first, cost second (or lower).
There are both things that can be dealt with through a bit of planning. I.e. determine a pool of potential lawyers you will use and in the same regard determine a pool of potential hospitals/doctors you want to use. Then if you need one, you've done the leg work and know where to go.
Depends, this might work for some common cases, but there are lots of different kinds of lawyers just like different kinds of doctors.
The lawyer I use for business is entirely different than the one I might use to defend against a murder charge is entirely different from defending against a traffic ticket is entirely different to sue on a trademark case is entirely different from suing somebody for slashing my tires, etc.
So to answer your own question, when you are sick, need legal help, or stuck by the side of the road, do you comparison shop for best price or do you go to first available?
Right, and the comparison is usually not over price, but perceived quality. The best example for doctors is elective plastic surgery. Do you get a boob job from the cheapest or the best? The glut of expensive surgeons in the L.A. area indicates cost is not a major factor.
For lawyers it might be a lawsuit. Do you go with the cheapest lawyer? Most people go with who they think is most likely to win the case (or net the most money from the suit).
> The glut of expensive surgeons in the L.A. area indicates cost is not a major factor.
Unless you're also going to argue that the large number of expensive cars in LA "indicates that cost is not a major factor" for cars. (The same can be said for handbags.)
Never confuse what rich folk will pay for luxuries with real world prices.
So a lot of claims from lawyers that they operate in a free market are really not true.
A free market isn't defined by whatever arbitrary criteria you make up.
You can't claim it's not a free market because it's a hassle to switch lawyers, or because it's expensive to do so, or because searching for lawyers takes time.
That's not the claim I made, and you didn't address the claim I made.
I said: the consumer cannot just walk away. If I am buying a stereo, my choice is between a) do I need a stereo or not, and b) where do I buy it. The purchaser of law services usually does not have the option of walking away from the deal entirely. His/her choice is limited to: which of these expensive lawyers do I go with?
Here's a nice definition from the OECD website's glossary of statistical terms;
"A free market economy is one where scarcities are resolved through changes in relative prices rather than through regulation. If a commodity is in short supply relative to the number of people who want to buy it, its price will rise, producers and sellers will make higher profits and production will tend to rise to meet the excess demand. If the available supply of a commodity is in a glut situation, the price will tend to fall, thereby attracting additional buyers and discouraging producers and sellers from entering the market. In a free market, buyers and sellers come together voluntarily to decide on what products to produce and sell and buy, and how resources such as labour and capital should be used."
Given this definition, it is hard to see how there could ever exist a free market in professional legal services and surely only a fool (or possibly a lawyer), would seek to argue that there is one in existence already given the overwhelming evidence to the contrary.
That's a description of a free market, but not a definition.
(The OECD saying it's a definition don't make it so.)
A proper definition is: A market wherein all exchanges are voluntary, i.e., no force is involved.
But yeah, it's far from a free market. I'm with you there. That doesn't mean we can sunder the term "free market" and say it's not a free market for a bunch of made-up reasons, which is what I was countering.
"That's a description of a free market, but not a definition.
(The OECD saying it's a definition don't make it so.)"
Is that definitive? As the description of the definition of the noun 'definition' from http://thesaurus.com/browse/definition defines definition as a description, of this I am definite. ;)
Saying a definition is a description is a total dumbing down. I don't know why they don't teach this stuff in grade school anymore... they should.
A definition must identify the nature of the units, i.e., the essential characteristics without which the units would not be the kind of existents they are.
And
The rules of correct definition are derived from the process of concept-formation. The units of a concept were differentiated—by means of a distinguishing characteristic(s)—from other existents possessing a commensurable characteristic, a Conceptual Common Denominator. A definition follows the same principle: it specifies the distinguishing characteristic(s) of the units, and indicates the category of existents from which they were differentiated.
The distinguishing characteristic(s) of the units becomes the differentia of the concept’s definition; the existents possessing a Conceptual Common Denominator become the genus.
Thus a definition complies with the two essential functions of consciousness: differentiation and integration. The differentia isolates the units of a concept from all other existents; the genus indicates their connection to a wider group of existents.
For instance, in the definition of table (“An item of furniture, consisting of a flat, level surface and supports, intended to support other, smaller objects”), the specified shape is the differentia, which distinguishes tables from the other entities belonging to the same genus: furniture. In the definition of man (“A rational animal”), “rational” is the differentia, “animal” is the genus.
No. I see that they also don't teach the history of continental philosophy in grade school. The term that you are conflating with the word "definition" is most closely related to the philosophical term "essence." Essence is the property which give things their identity -- an object without its essence loses its concrete identity. When Socrates attempts to find the essence of virtue, he does not seek to describe the things which we believe are virtuous (because complete correctness could simply be found here by enumeration), but to find the subject whose identity we are describing using the term "virtue."
Definition, however, is a descriptive, not proscriptive term. Succinctly, the definition of a term is whatever a broad consensus "agree" upon. Dictionaries serve to help identify that consensus, although they are not completely authoritative. The definition of a word may not coincide with its essence in any way -- for example, the phrase "to beg the question" has two primary definitions. The first and newer definition is equivalent to "to ask the question." The second and older definition is to assume the conclusion within the question itself. Together these definitions do not elucidate the "essence" (or "distinguishing characteristic", in Ayn Rand's primitive terminology) because they are wholly unrelated to each other. Instead, they're simply descriptions of the common modes in which English-speaking society uses the phrase "beg the question."
The best example is your definition of the word definition. The word "definition" does not have any intrinsic meaning -- only that which we place on it. Moreover, the meaning can vary between subsets of the broader population -- your use of the word definition in no way coincides with my use of the term in formal mathematics. This doesn't mean that you can't disagree with a given definition for a word, only that you're insistence that you're correct or even that your definition has some objectively superior qualification makes your use of the word the "correct" one.
Needless to say, I disagree with you on this topic. I can't make a better argument than the book from which I pulled those quotations, so I'll direct people who are interested there.
I wasn't hunting down your posts, was just continuing the thread.
And I don't think I was being arbitrary. When challenged on your point you merely pointed to the quotes you had made and told people to read the book, which to me is pure dogma.
So admittedly I got a bit snarky. Although I was also attempting to be a bit self critical, which was why I referenced that quotation.
I honestly got reminded of the quote from Futurama.
And I honestly don't take Ayn Rand as a definitive resource on much beyond her own ego. She claimed that her philosophy was unique, other than a sole debt to Aristotle. Aristotle of all people. The guy who can't even count the legs of a fly and who thinks that menstruating women cloud mirrors if they look in them. So sorry if I stoop to ridicule if you worship her turgid prose, but really.
[edit] Also - as to her definition of table that you gave, well it could just as easily be describing a shelf. And the idea of the definition of table being some absolute thing based on shape is preposterous. I do wish these philosophers would have a chat with some designers before waffling on about platonic forms of household objects. A table is defined by usage, expectation and personal perception. In weightless environments, the concept of table could easily be a clear, easily accessible floating box kept in the middle of a spacecraft's living space, for instance.
You can't judge Ayn Rand (well, anyone--and that's my real point) by a mistaken attack on someone else (Aristotle). That's worse than judging her by a cartoon. Again, it's not an honest approach.
So sorry if I stoop to ridicule if you worship her turgid prose, but really
In case you actually think I approach ideas in a dishonest, religious way (hence, "worship")--I don't. This is just a stupid comment.
And the idea of the definition of table being some absolute thing based on shape is preposterous
This is a misunderstanding of the idea being presented. But anyway, you couldn't get a complete understanding without reading the original source (it's from a book), so speculating on it here is probably pointless.
I can judge Ayn Rand's philosophy partly on that of Aristotle given that she claimed to be a philosopher who owed nothing to anyone else in her philosophy other than Aristotle. Which I personally think is a completely ludicrous and frankly egotistical thing for anyone to try and claim.
So how am I being dishonest?
Also, how have I misunderstood the idea being presented here;
"For instance, in the definition of table (“An item of furniture, consisting of a flat, level surface and supports, intended to support other, smaller objects”), the specified shape is the differentia, which distinguishes tables from the other entities belonging to the same genus: furniture."
Now admittedly, the book may expound upon this and create a completely different interpretation based on the overall context, but given that you presented me with this excerpt and claimed it as a reasonable argument, you will forgive me for dealing with only the words that were in front of me at the time.
but given that you presented me with this excerpt and claimed it as a reasonable argument
I didn't claim it as a reasonable argument. I don't think it's very useful out of context. Just wanted to illustrate genus and differentia.
So how am I being dishonest?
You're being dishonest because you're just indulging your emotional whims by "judging" things on completely irrational criteria, instead of actually examining the ideas.
Is funny, I'd say you were being irrational due to an emotional attachment to Ayn Rands work.
That was my judgement when you used her lexicon as the ultimate arbiter of the definition of 'definition' and then just told people to read it when challenged on this position.
Adam Smith believed that an economy should be free of monopoly rents
If I can keep you from switching lawyers, if I can keep you from interviewing other lawyers, if I know your choice is not "lawyer or no lawyer", but "which lawyer", then I can keep my prices artificially (not a free market) high.
How do you distinguish between "keeping you from switching" and "it being inherently difficult to switch?" If you buy an expensive car that only runs on expensive and rare fuel (thereby restricting your choice in fuels), is the free market somehow violated? If you buy a Gillette razor that only works with Gillette blade cartridges, is the free market violated? I find the distinction rather fuzzy.
> And it's not a free market. In a free market, the consumer can walk away from a purchase. Most times individuals or small businesses need a lawyer, they are in no position from walking away. They need a lawyer. And they need to stop spending time searching, and get on with resolving.
You're conflating two different concepts. You're talking about transaction costs (not being able to walk away once you've hired a lawyer). Markets with high transaction costs can still be free, in the sense you can choose whatever lawyer you want and supply and demand aren't artificially restricted.[1] Markets with high transaction costs are, on the other hand, not efficient.
[1] Supply in the legal field is regulated, but I'd argue it's supply in corporate law is not artificially restricted to any substantial degree.
And it's not a free market. In a free market, the consumer can walk away from a purchase. Most times individuals or small businesses need a lawyer, they are in no position from walking away. They need a lawyer. And they need to stop spending time searching, and get on with resolving.
So a lot of claims from lawyers that they operate in a free market are really not true. They mistake what are basically extortion/price gouging rates for free market pricing.
And the search is expensive too, with few (?) lawyers willing to offer 30 min to an hour of their time to discuss your needs for free. This is another factor in increasing switching costs for the consumers.
And of course, price is used as a signal for quality in a market in which quality is very hard to measure by most consumers. Sure I got a great deal on a lawyer, he only charges $150 per hour. Hmm, Your lawyer charges $400 per hour? Now, I'm not so confident.